Freight transport / general cargo transport
Full truckload (FTL) transport refers to the transport of complete truck, container, or rail loads for a single customer, while less-than-truckload (LTL) transport combines smaller shipments from different customers. Both concepts are fundamental elements of transport logistics and have a direct impact on costs, delivery times, and resource efficiency.
Basics and Functionality
Full Load Transport (Full Truck Load, FTL / Full Container Load, FCL):
- The entire cargo space is occupied by a single order or customer.
- Direct transport without transshipment ensures fast and reliable delivery.
- Suitable for large quantities or time-critical goods.
Less-than-Load Transport (Less Than Truck Load, LTL / Less Than Container Load, LCL):
- Multiple small shipments from different customers are consolidated in one truck or container.
- Cost-effective for small quantities, but involves longer delivery times and potential transshipments.
- High complexity in planning and storage, as different orders need to be consolidated and then deconsolidated.
Advantages and Challenges
Advantages:
- Full Load Transport: Fast delivery, lower risk of damage, direct customer handling.
- Less-than-Load Transport: Cost efficiency, better space utilization, environmentally friendly due to reduced empty runs.
Challenges:
- Full Load Transport: Higher absolute costs for partial loads, risk of underutilization.
- Less-than-Load Transport: Complex planning, longer delivery times, higher risk of errors during transshipments.
Importance in Modern Logistics
The choice between full load and less-than-load transport significantly affects the efficiency of supply chains and transportation costs. Modern Transport Management Systems (TMS) enable dynamic optimization, route planning, and shipment tracking, allowing both transport types to be combined efficiently. Companies benefit from a transparent, flexible, and cost-effective transport strategy that reliably handles both small shipments and large volumes.